Clarity
There are four major grading systems for classifying diamonds - GIA, CIBJO, IDC and Scan D.N. - and an international standard (ISO) that is being developed. At present, a stone is described as "flawless" by the GIA if it is without surface characteristics or internal inclusions. Foreign systems use the term "Loupe Clean," which equates to both flawless and internally flawless. Grades then gradually descend.
Cut
Of these first 4C's, cut is most directly influenced by humans; the other three are dictated by nature. The cut or make of a diamond will dramatically influence its fire and sparkle. The polisher's skill releases a diamond's natural beauty.
Color
Although the majority of gem diamonds appear to be colorless. Others can contain increasing tinges of yellow or brown, some of which are referred to champagne diamonds. Rare stones of exceptional color - green, red, blue, pink or amber are known as fancies.
Carat Weight
As with precious stones, the weight of a diamond is expressed in carats. The word carat originated in a natural unit of weight: the seeds of the carob tree. Diamonds were traditionally weighed against these seeds until the system was standardized and one carat was fixed at 0.2 grams (one fifth of a gram). One carat is divided into 100 "points" so that a diamond of 25 points is described as a quarter of a carat (0.25 carats).
Confidence
The diamond experts at Richter & Phillips are available to assist you when you are ready to choose your diamond. They will be happy to discuss the 5C's with you and explain just how these differences can affect your purchase.
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